Why is ionizing radiation a health concern?

• A. It is always visible to the eye
• B. It can alter the chemical structure of cells, which can impair their functions
• C. It cannot cause any biological change
• D. It only affects plants

Answer: (B)

Ionizing radiation has enough energy to knock electrons off atoms, creating ions and highly reactive free radicals. These reactive species can break chemical bonds in DNA and other cellular molecules, disrupting structure and function. Because cells rely on precise chemical configurations to operate, this damage can cause mutations, impaired cellular processes, cell death, or uncontrolled growth (cancer). That direct potential to alter cellular chemistry is why ionizing radiation is a health concern, even at low levels where long-term risks accrue over time.

The other statements aren’t correct: radiation isn’t visible to the eye; it can cause biological changes; and it isn’t limited to plants—it can affect humans and other animals as well.