Non-ionizing radiation:

• A. Has enough energy to ionize neutral atoms
• B. Does not have sufficient energy to ionize neutral atoms
• C. Is always dangerous and causes burns
• D. Is only visible light

Answer: (B)

Non-ionizing radiation carries energy that is too low to knock electrons completely off atoms. To ionize means to remove an electron, and photons with non-ionizing energies don’t have enough energy to do that for neutral atoms. They can still interact with matter in other ways, like causing heating or exciting electrons within atoms without ejecting them. That’s why typical non-ionizing ranges include infrared, visible light, microwaves, and radio waves. So the statement that non-ionizing radiation does not have sufficient energy to ionize neutral atoms is the correct description. It’s not accurate to say it’s always dangerous or that it’s limited to visible light, since many non-ionizing forms are harmless at normal exposures and span a broad range of wavelengths beyond just visible light.